Manifestations of racial microaggressions in library education: focusing on racial trauma
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study investigates manifestations of racial microaggressions, with an emphasis on measuring racial trauma experienced by black students enrolled in Library Science courses. The overall goal is to understand how racial microaggressions manifest in this context. Specific objectives include: a conceptual definition of racial microaggressions and their characteristics; categorization of the ways in which these microaggressions manifest in interactions; and application of the Racial Microaggression Scale in Library Science Education. From a methodological point of view, it is applied qualitative research that uses documentary, bibliographic, exploratory and descriptive methods. The study is divided into three phases: 1) literature review; 2) application of questionnaires and analysis of results; and 3) development and application of the scale. The analysis and application of the scale reveal the presence of microaggressions, which are manifested through subtle practices and verbal and non-verbal messages full of contempt, sexism and racism, perpetuated by white teachers and colleagues in the classroom. The most common microaggressions fall into the categories of Delegitimization/Invalidation and Threat/Intimidation, and forms of oppression intersect with gender, racial, and sexual oppression in the educational experience of black students in higher education. With the scale, racial microaggressions were found to have traumatic consequences and, along with the categories of oppression observed, have a lasting impact on the lives of the Black students observed.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Collins, P. H. (2021). Interseccionalidade. São Paulo: Boitempo.
Conover, K. J. & Israel, T. (2019). Microaggressions and social support among sexual minorities with physical disabilities. Rehabilitation psychology, 64(2), 167-178.
Crenshaw, K. (2002). Documento para o encontro de especialistas em aspectos da discriminação racial relativos ao gênero. Revista estudos feministas, 10(1), 171-188.
Dalton, S. D., Mathapo, G. & Sowers-Paige, E. (2018). Navigating law librarianship while black: a week in the life of a black female law librarian. Law library journal, 100(3), 429-438. http://works.bepress.com/shamika-dalton/6/
Essed, P. (1991). Understanding everyday racism. an interdisciplinary theory. Newbury Park: Sage.
Garcês-Da-Silva, F. C. (2023). Biblioteconomia negra. das epistemologias negro-africanas à Teoria Crítica Racial. Rio de Janeiro: Malê.
Gillborn, D., Warmington, P. & Demack, S. (2018). QuantCrit: education, policy, ‘Big Data’ and principles for a critical race theory of statistic. Race, ethnicity and education. 21(2), 158-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2017.1377417
Keum, B. T., Brady, J. L., Sharma, R., Lu, Y., Kim, Y. H. & Thai, C. (2018). Gendered racial microaggressions scale for Asian American women: development and initial validation. American Psychological Association, 65(5), 571–585.
Lewis, J. A. & Neville, H. A. (2015). Construction and initial validation of the Gendered Racial Microaggressions Scale for black women. Journal of counseling psychology, 62(2), 289-302.
Nadal, K. (2011). The Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale (REMS): construction, reliability, and validity. Journal of counseling psychology, 58(4), 470-480.
Nadal, K. L., Skolnik, A. & Wong, Y. (2012a). Interpersonal and systemic microaggressions toward transgender people: Implications for counseling. Journal of LGBTQ issues in counseling, 6, 55-82.
Nadal, K. L., Vigilia Escobar, K. M., Prado, G. T., David, E. J. R. & Haynes, K. (2012b). Racial microaggressions and the Filipino American experience: recommendations for counseling and development. Journal of multicultural counseling and development, 40, 156–173.
Nadal, K. L., Griffin, K. E., Wong, Y., Hamit, S. &, Rasmus, M. (2014a). The impact of racial microaggressions on mental health: counseling implications for clients of color. Journal of counseling & development, 92, 57–66.
Nadal, K. L., Wong, Y., Griffin, K. E., Davidoff, K. & Sriken, J. (2014b). The adverse impact of racial microaggressions on college students’ self-esteem. Journal of college student development, 55, 461–474.
Nadal, K. L. (2018). Microaggressions and traumatic stress. theory, research, and clinical treatment. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Pierce, C. M. (1970). Offensive mechanisms. Em F.B. Barbour (Ed.). The Black seventies. an extending horizon book (pp. 265-282). Boston: Porter Sargent Publisher.
Pierce, C. M., Carew, J., Pierce-Gonzalez, D. & Willis, D. (1978). An experiment in racism: TV commercials. Em C. M. Pierce (Ed.). Television and education (pp. 62-88). Beverly Hills: Sage.
Pusey-Reid, E., Gona, C. M., Lussier-Duynstee, P. & Gall, G. (2022). Microaggressions: black students' experiences. A qualitative study. Journal of professional nursing, 40, 73-78.
Romeiro, N. L. & Silva, F. C. G. (2019). A educação continuada e o protagonismo da mulher na Biblioteconomia: relato de experiência da oficina “Mulheres na Ciência da Informação e Biblioteconomia”. Revista brasileira de biblioteconomia e documentação, 15, 112-130.
Romeiro, N. L. (Org.). (2022). Informação, diálogo e ações para enfrentamento à violência contra meninas e mulheres. Florianópolis: Rocha Gráfica e Editora.
Sidanius, J., Devereux, E. & Pratto, F. (1992). A comparison of symbolic racism theory and social dominance theory as explanations for racial policy attitudes. The journal of social psychology, 132(3), 377–395.
Silva, F. C. G., Garcez, D. C., Vieira, G. M., Fevrier, P. R., Romeiro, N. L. & Alves, A. P. M. (2023a). Microagressões e trauma racial no ensino bibliotecário: uma análise via Escala de Microagressões Raciais no ensino em Biblioteconomia. Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Ciência da Informação, 23, 1-18.
Silva, F. C. G., Garcez, D. C., Vieira, G. M., Fevrier, P. R., Romeiro, N. L. & Alves, A. P. M. (2023b). Microagressões raciais, poder e privilégio nas bibliotecas: uma análise dos discursos no The Microaggressions Project e Microaggressions in Librarianship. Revista Folha de rosto, 9(2), 27-54.
Silva, F. C. G. (2019). A inserção das temáticas africana e afro-brasileira e o ensino de biblioteconomia: avaliação em instituição de ensino superior de Santa Catarina. Revista brasileira de biblioteconomia e documentação, 15(3), 143-182.
Silva, G. H. G. & Powell, A. B. (2016). Microagressões no ensino superior nas vias da educação matemática. Revista latinoamericana de etnomatemática, 9(3), 44-76.
Sue, D. W. (2004). Whiteness and ethnocentric monoculturalism: making the “invisible” visible. American psychologist, 59(8), 761–769.
Sue, D. W., et al. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: implications for clinical practice. American psychologist, 62(4), 271-286.
Sue, D. W. (Ed.). (2010a). Microaggressions and marginality. manifestation, dynamics, and impact. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Sue, D. W. (2010b). Microaggressions in everyday life. race, gender, and sexual orientation. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Sue, D. W. & Spanierman, L. (2020). Microaggressions in everyday life. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Torres, L., Driscoll, M. W. & Burrow, A. L. (2010). Racial microaggressions and psychological functioning among highly achieving African Americans: a mixed-methods approach. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 29(10), 1074-1099.
Torres-Harding, S., Andrade Jr., A. L. & Romero Diaz, C. E. (2012). The Racial Microaggressions Scale (RMAS): a new scale to measure experiences of racial microaggressions in people of color. Cultural diversity and ethnic minority psychology, 18(18), 153-164.
Valério, E. D. & Silva, D. M. F. (2017). Discutindo as relações raciais: os trabalhos de conclusão de curso em biblioteconomia da Universidade Federal do Cariri. UFCA. Revista brasileira de educação em ciência da informação, 4, 132-145.
Valério, E. D. & Campos, A. F. (2019). Educação antirracista no ensino da biblioteconomia. Revista Folha de rosto, 5(nº esp.), 118-126.
Williams, M. T. (2020). Microaggressions: clarification, evidence, and impact. perspectives on psychological science, 15(1), 3–26.
Williams, M. T., et al. (2020). A qualitative study of microaggressions against African Americans on predominantly white campuses. BMC psychol, 8(111), 1-13.